Designing structures with low-strength bio-based materials: A material-driven approach

The use of bio-based materials in structural design necessitates a re-evaluation of conventional design methodologies. In contrast to traditional materials, mycelium-based composites (MBC) and other biomaterials exhibit significantly lower strength. To generate stiffness by geometry, it requires a design approach closely aligned with their properties. Despite criticism, the prevailing practice in the field is to design first and choose materials afterwards. The contemporary challenges necessitate a paradigm shift from the conventional approach, as low-strength bio-based materials are unable to meet these demands. In this instance, connections also play a crucial role in ensuring ideal load transfer, while being dismantlable to allow for composting. To integrate these materials into structural design, this paper outlines key strategies, using the example of fungal mycelium. Therefore, the properties and built prototypes are analysed, from which new characteristics of the design process are derived, reconnecting to historical building practices where form emerged from material logic.